- A Mad Dash Through History
- The Strategic Gold Standards
The Watsons - Reorganizing to Rearm
Frank Cary at IBM - The Competitive Limit of Soft Technology
Amdahl versus IBM - Transient Technology
Travails of the Mini Makers - First Movers
The Dawning of the Personal Computer - Defeated in Succession
An Wang at Wang Labs - Retrospective Strategy
John DeButts at AT&T - Foreign Cultures
AT&T’s Recruit from IBM - The Perils of Incumbency
Sun and Oracle Take Over the Neighborhood - Self-Accelerating Economies of Scale
Alilile, Microsoft, and Dell - Choosing the Wrong War
IBM Takes On Microsoft - Powering to the Apogee
Ken Olsen at DEC - Tumbling to Collapse
The palace Guard Ousts Olsen - Field Force and Counterforce
DEC, HP, and IBM in Battle Mode - Distracted by Competition
IBM Battles Fujitsu and Hitachi - Navigating the Waves at IBM
Akers Runs Aground,
and Gerstner Takes the Helm - Squandered the Competitve Advantage
IBM Mainframes and Minicomputers - Building a Great Business
Paul Ely at Hewlett-Packard - CEO Tumbles
Hewlett-Packard’s Horizontal Phase - Limits of Strategy
- Innovation: Apple, IBM, and HP Added in 2003
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Atop
3Com, 197
3PAR, 400
Acsys, 64–65, 259
Aiken, Howard, 2
Akamai, 281, 289
Akers, John
downfall of, 9, 51, 215, 226, 230, 379
on midrange consolidation, 333, 335–337
on PCs, 216
and role at IBM, 50, 305–316, 322–324
Albert, Sam, 77, 219, 312
Allen, Bob, 164, 166, 175
Allen, Paul, 203
Altos Computer, 103
Amazon, 382, 386, 387
Amdahl, Carlton, 65, 259
Amdahl, Gene, vii, 31, 32, 39, 45, 52–53, 64–65, 259
Amdahl Corporation
and Fujitsu, 56–59, 63–65, 291, 295, 297
and IBM, 52–56, 58–63, 374
and mainframes, 331–333
and Storage Technology, 63
American Totalisator Company, 16
Anders, George, 362, 370
Anderson, Harlan, 231, 232
Anderson, William S., 157
Android, 382, 386
Apollo Computer, 171, 172, 173, 359
Apparel Inc., 139
Apple Computer
described, 198–202
and DEC, 264
enterprise market and, 386–388
as first-mover, 88, 97, 374, 377
innovation of, 75, 101, 353
market capitalization and, 381, 382
mobile devices and, 386
See also Jobs, Steve
Applied Data Research (ADR), 32–33, 168, 185, 186
Arcsight, 400
Arima, Akito, 301–302
Armstrong, Mike, 166, 315
Arthur Andersen, 287
artificial intelligence, 252, 255, 291
Ascii Ltd., 302
Ashton-Tate, 194, 203, 206
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 28
Athena, 30
AT&T
background of, 133–136
consultants and, 142–146
deregulation and, 148–150, 154–155
Macintosh and, 199–200
and merger with DEC, 155–156
and merger with NCR, 165, 175
PBXs and, 138, 140, 149
personal computers and, 158–161
restructuring of, 145–147, 150
Specialized Common Carrier Decision and, 136–138
See also Bell Labs; Western Electric
Attached Resource Computer (ARC), 104, 106
automatic teller machines (ATMs), 87, 352
Autonomy, 400
Aweida, Jesse, 63
Btop
Babbage, Charles, 1
Ballmer, Steve, 202–204, 227, 370
Balluzzo, Rick, 365, 366, 370
Bartz, Carol, 171
Bechtolsheim, Andreas, 170–171, 172
Beitzel, George, 43, 334
Bell, Alexander Graham, 134
Bell, Gordon, 233, 236–238, 239, 246–247, 250–254
Bell, Jim, 346
Bell Labs, 7, 88, 93, 94, 96, 135, 142
Bernstein, Sam, 89–90, 98
Bertoncini, Jean-Serge, x
Bertram, Jack, 38, 45, 46, 60–62, 65, 315, 324
B.F. Goodrich, 184
Biaggini, Benjamin, 138
Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM (Carroll), 221–222
Birnbaum, Joel, 174, 346, 352, 357–359, 369
Blackwell, Dave, 53, 112
Bloch, Erich, 54
Block, Ruth, ix
board of directors, 382–383
Bonsack, S.E., 141
Borland Software, 101, 194, 202, 205–206, 207, 224
Bosomworth, Kenneth, 317
Bossidy, Larry, 316
Branscomb, Lewis, 217
Brooks, Fred, 54, 187
Brooks, John, 134
Brown, Charles, 146–147, 149–150, 153–155
Bryant, 30
Bullen, Richard, 42
Bullis, Ed, 126
Burdick, Walton, 312
Burke, Jim, 316–317, 318
Burkhardt, Henry, 253, 275
Burroughs Corporation, 3, 4, 14, 27, 28, 39
Busiek, Don, 280–281
business models, 91, 92, 100–101, 157–158, 211–212, 374, 375
Business Objects, 401
Ctop
Cairns, Ray, 284
CalComp, 30, 49
calculators, 89–90, 111–112, 123, 201, 278
Canion, Rod, 222–223, 314
Cannavino, Jimmy, 223, 225, 317
Capone, Bob, 284
Cappellas, Michael, 212, 273
Carroll, Paul, 221–222, 312, 318
Carterphone decision, 138
Cary, Frank
as CEO, 34, 36, 50–51, 308, 334
and decentralization, 41–45
on memory relocate, 39
and National Semiconductor, 293
an PCs, 214–215
Casale, Bob, 160
Cassoni, Vittorio, 163, 199–200
Chambers, John, 193
Chance, Doug, 345, 348, 350–351, 354, 363
Chiang, Horace, 129–130
Chou, Harry, 110, 113, 115, 118–120, 129
Christensen, Clayton, 18, 20, 379
Cincom, 168, 186
CIO Strategy Exchange (CIOSE), 381, 389, 390, 391, 392
Cisco, 49, 193, 219, 320, 346, 371–372, 387
Citibank, 87
Clark, Tom, 21
Clayton, Dick, 247–248, 257
Clayton Act, 32
cloud computing, 382
CMOS technology, 62, 325–326, 327, 329–330, 331, 332
Collins, Jim, ix
Colossus, 1, 16
Commodore, 88, 89, 97, 98, 374, 376–377
Compaq, 108, 211–212, 222–223, 272–273, 314, 389, 390, 392, 397
competition, xi–xiii, 3, 13, 290–304, 375, 378
Computer Associates, 131, 188, 195–196
Computer Automation, 66, 68, 81–82, 343
Computer Consoles, 122
The Computer Establishment (Fishman), 232
computer industry, early history of, 1–4
ComputerLand, 101, 104
Computer Terminal Corp. (CTC). See Datapoint
Computer Wars (Ferguson), 45
Computerworld, 58, 77, 253
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), 1, 13
Comstock-Keystone Computer Company, 30
Comten, 58, 158
Conrades, George, 51, 281, 285, 287–289, 295, 314, 315
Consumer Communications Reform Act, 146
consumer markets, 196, 219–220, 227
Control Data Corporation (CDC), 3, 4, 26, 27, 28, 31
Convergent Technologies, 354
Cook, Tim, 386
Corel, 205
Cray, 65, 171
Cray, Seymour, 6–7
creative ideology, 68–69, 71–72, 374, 376
Crescent Industries, 139
Cullen, Ray, 114, 115, 126, 129
Cullinane, John, 184–185, 186, 188
Cullinet Software, 168, 184–185, 187–188
Cunningham, John, 109–110, 112–117, 119–120, 130, 262, 380
Dtop
Data General, 68, 70, 90–91, 233, 262, 275–276
Datamation, 54, 59, 71, 203, 290
Datapoint, 89, 104–107, 121, 262, 375
DeButts, John, 141, 146, 148
de Castro, Edson, 90–91, 275
Dell, Michael, vii, 10–11, 211–213, 215, 240, 314, 379, 381, 385
Dell Inc., 8–9, 108, 184, 211–213, 271, 273, 368, 369, 383, 387
Diebold Group, viii, 27
The Difference Between God and Larry Ellison (Wilson), 188–189, 190
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
Compaq and, 212
Ethernet and, 197
and merger with AT&T, 155–156
minicomputers and, 4–5, 7, 67–69, 71
sales force at, 275, 277–281, 282–283, 286–287, 289
See also Olsen, Ken
Digital Research, 92, 100, 101, 207
Dinardo, George, 284
disruptive technology, vii, xiii, 87–88, 374–380
Doerr, John, 171, 220, 388
Donofrio, Nick, 321, 322, 331
Doretti, Robert, 123
Doriot, Georges, 232
Doyle, John, 35
6
DRAM (dynamic random access memory), 88
Etop
eBay, 391
Eckert, J. Presper, 2, 16–17
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), 16–17
Edelman, Asher, 107, 262
Edison, Thomas, 376
Edwards, Jim, 159–161
Electromatic Typewriter Company, 15
Electronic Data Systems (EDS), 287, 390, 392, 399
Electronic News, 57, 117, 244, 298
Ellison, Larry, vii, 7, 10–11, 185–186, 189–193, 240, 379, 381, 385, 388, 390, 391
Ely, Carol, 103–104
Ely, Paul, 101, 277, 282, 343–347, 349–350, 352–354, 355–356
EMC Corporation, 49–50, 383, 393
Encore Computer, 174, 25
3
ENIAC, 2, 16, 89
enterprise market, 387–388
Erbrick, Frank, 228
Estridge, Phillip "Don," 100, 214, 218–220, 308
Ethernet, 103, 106, 124, 172, 173, 197, 207, 260, 351
Evans, Bob, 23, 24, 26, 36, 48, 54
Exley, Chuck, 129, 157–158, 165, 316
Ftop
Faber, Edward, 104
Farr, Bartow, 37, 41
Faw, Hillary, 32–33, 37, 42
Ferguson, Charles, 45
Fifth Generation Project, 252, 255, 291, 303–304
Fiorina, Carly, 355, 363, 373
First-mover advantage, 87–88, 108, 374
Fishman, Katherine Davis, 232
Fjeldstadt, Lucy, 215–216
Flint, Charles, 1, 13
Ford, Henry, 91–92
Foster, Richard, xiii, 305, 375
Four-Phase Systems, 66, 83–86
Frankenburg, Bob, 208
Friedrichs, Johan, x
Fujitsu, 13, 31, 53–54, 56–59, 63–65, 291–297, 300–301, 328–329
Fuller, Sam, 252, 258, 260
Gtop
Garrett, Sharon, x
Gartner Group, x, 193, 373
Gates, Bill
background of, 202–204, 240, 379
and competition, 206, 208–211, 371
and IBM, 92
new business models and, 381
Research Board and, 388
retirement and, 385–386
sales tactics of, 189
and volume compatibility, 8, 10–11
Gateway, 108
General Automation, 66, 82, 343
General Electric Company (GE), 3, 4, 27, 28
Gerstner, Lou
as CEO, 33, 35, 215, 227, 305, 318–323
on mainframes, 182, 331, 380
on minicomputers, 213
on OS/2, 229
on outsourcing, 400
on the PC business 398-399
Gilmore, Jack, 235, 242–244
Gistaro, Edward, 105–107, 121
Glorioso, Bob, 259, 262, 264, 267
Goetz, Martin, 32
Goldstein, Ed, 144, 151, 159
Google, 6, 87, 106, 171, 193, 260, 382, 386, 387
Granite Systems, 171
Grant, Gus, 138
Grayson, Edward, 126
Green, Bob, 358
Grey, Elisha, 134
Grosch, Herb, 3, 28
Grove, Andrew, 88, 191, 211, 366, 379
Guglielmi, Joe, 224
Htop
Hackborn, Dick, 345, 349, 350, 363, 370–371, 392
Harp, Lore, 103–104
Harrar, George, 155, 236, 238, 251, 253
Harrell, Bruce, 322, 394
Heikes, Robert, 97
Heiser, Edgar, 52
Held, Jerry, 169–170
Henley, Jeff, 189
Herbold, Bob, 204
Hewlett, Bill, 9, 341–343, 344, 359, 361–362
Hewlett, Walter, 397
Hewlett-Packard
acquistions and, 290, 396-401
background of, 341–343
board of directors and, 394-395
CEO transitions, 389-391
current revenues at, 392-393
enterprise market and, 387
management turmoil at, 355–373
market capitalization and 381
minicomputers and, 66–67, 68
Paul Ely at, 343–347, 349–350, 352–354
personal computers and, 101, 346–348, 365–366
R&D funding and, 383, 390, 395-396
sales force at, 276–277
tablet business and, 382
Hindle, Win, 236, 240, 241, 254, 261–262, 268, 273, 282
Hinds, Bob, 228
Hirsh, Richard, 218
Hitachi, 13, 31, 292–294, 298–300, 301, 326–327, 333
Hoff, Ted, 88
Hollerith, Herman, 1
Home Telephone Company, 139
Honeywell, 3, 4, 27, 28
Hopper, Grace, vii, 2, 5–6, 69, 95
Hopper, Max, 284
The HP Way (Packard), 347, 349, 360–361
Hubbard, Gardner, 134
Hubbard, Mabel, 134
Huber, Robert, 152–153
Hughes, Bob, 247, 280, 287
Hunt, Joe, 153
Hurd, Mark, 373, 390, 391, 396, 399
Hyperion, 401
Itop
IBM (International Business Machines)
303X series, 54–55
3081 computer, 58–63, 324
4300 computer, 57, 77–78, 168, 185
acquisitions, 393, 396–401
antitrust suits against, 12, 15, 21–22, 32, 34, 49
board of directors and, 394–395
CEO transitions, 393–394
DAT box and, 38, 39
decentralization of, 43–45
Displaywriter, 117
enterprise market and, 387
Fujitsu and, 291–297, 300–301
Future System, 45, 59, 356
Hitachi and, 292–294, 298–300, 301
innovation and, 389
leasing companies and, 29, 36–41
management transitions in, 22, 33–34, 50–51
market capitalization and, 381
midrange consolidation of, 333–340
minicomputers and, 7, 37, 72–79, 339
OS/2, 8, 214, 220, 223
personal computers and, 100, 101, 214–230, 326–327
plug compatibles and, 30–32
punch cards vs. tape, 18–20, 376
R & D and, 383, 395–396
rental-only equipment policy, 15, 21
sales force at, 274, 281–282, 284–286, 287–289
service and software bundling, 32–33, 35
System/360, 4, 12–13, 25–28, 33, 35–36, 140
tailgaters and, 47–48, 52
Textverarbeitung, 71–72, 376
Tom Watson Jr. at, 2–3, 12–26, 30, 33–34, 35, 36, 130, 380
Tom Watson Sr. at, 1–4, 12–22
Ikeda, Toshio, 53, 291
Imsai, 92
independent software vendors (ISVs), 185, 186
Inforex, 85
Infosystems, 53
innovation, 383–384
Innovation: The Attacker's Advantage (Foster), xiii, 375
In Search of Excellence, 285
integrated model, 92, 382
Intel, 88–89, 93, 94, 95–96, 100, 367, 383
iPads, 386, 388
iPhones, 386
Irby, Charles, 197–198
Itel, 5, 31, 40–41, 48, 55
Ive, Jony, 386
Jtop
Jackson, David, 103
Jacobs, Irwin, 234
Japan Information Services Industry Association (JISIA), 302
Jeopardy, 396
Jobs, Steve, 7, 10–11, 121, 198–202, 240, 379, 381, 382, 386–388
Johnson, B.J., 260
Jones, Jack, ix, 70
Josephson junction, 62, 296, 327
Joy, William Nelson, 170–171
Ktop
Kahn, Philippe, 205–206
Kalb, Jeff, 248, 260, 262
Kapor, Mitch, 208
Kavner, Bob, 175
Kennedy, Gary, 189
Keyworth, Jay, 362
Khosla, Vinod, 170–171, 172
Kidder, Tracy, 100
Kildare, Larry, 90, 92, 244
Kilpatrick, Les, 30, 49, 63
Kindle, 386
Kingsbury, Nathan, 135
Klein, Joel, 210
Kleiner Perkins Caulfield & Byers, 171, 181, 190, 198
Knowles, Andy, 241, 244–245
Kobayashi, Taiyu, 291, 294
Kramer, Abby, x
Kropper, Jon, 115, 122
Krowe, Allen, 75–77, 79, 308, 309–310, 312–313, 334, 339, 340
Kuehler, Jack, 46, 51, 77–78, 278, 293–294, 308, 310, 315–316, 334, 338
Kvamme, Floyd, 198, 200, 220
Ltop
LaBant, Bob, 314, 316
LaCroute, Bernie, 257
Lanahan, Jack, ix
Lane, Ray, 189–190, 192, 391, 395, 400
Lautenbach, Ned, 216
layered model, 100, 191, 381–382
leadership
CEO departures, 9, 22, 53, 109, 374
counterforce and, 382–383
and executive indecision, 324
and founders succession, xiii, 12, 22, 109, 378
and outsiders vs. insiders, 143, 151, 305
and reluctance to downsize, 121, 189, 375, 377
and vision, xii, 12, 51, 109, 170, 341
Learson, Vin, 23, 25–26, 33, 34, 42–44
Lenovo, 397–398
Lewis, Jack, 65, 328, 331
Liddle, David, 196–197, 204, 353
Lieberman, Marvin, 148
Linux, 32, 208, 211, 219, 320, 325, 340, 377
Livermore, Ann, 364–365, 372
local area networks, 104, 207
Loomis, Carol, 311, 317, 318–319, 320
Loren, Allan, 308
Lorenzo, Frank, 316
Lotus, 101, 129, 168, 185, 194–195, 202–203, 208–209, 224, 229–230
Loup, Cathy, x, 171, 243
Low, Paul, 61
Lowe, Bill, 218, 220, 222, 223, 335, 337
Lucente, Ed, 285
Lynch, Hugh, 158
Mtop
Madden, Cliff, 53, 56, 63–65
magnetic tape, 2, 18–20
Magnuson, 31, 55, 65
mainframes, 2, 18, 25, 37–41, 66–67, 69–70, 76
Manzi, Jim, 208–209
Maples, Mike, 204, 215–216, 222, 225–226, 334
Marcus, Julius, 241
Mark I, 2, 16
Markkula, Mike, 198–199
Marshal, 30
Martin, David, 293
Martiz, Paul, 224
Masi, Carl, 123
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, 53–54, 112
Matthews, Ed, ix, 356
Mauchly, John, 2, 16–17
McCaw Cellular, 166
McColl, Hugh, 87
McCracken, Ed, 342, 345, 348, 350–352, 354, 359
McGill, Archibald, 151–154, 155–157
McGowan, William, 137–138
MCI, 136, 137–138
McKenna, Regis, 198
McKinsey & Company, 142–144, 151, 318
McNealy, Scott, 10–11, 167, 170–175, 178–179, 183–184, 220, 351, 360, 379–380, 381, 384, 388, 397
McQuade, Charles, 173
Memorex, 30, 49, 58
mergers and acquisitions, 383–384, 396–401
Meridith, Tom, 213
Metcalf, Bob, 197
Metz, Frank, 309, 316
Micro-Channel Architecture, 222–223
microprocessors, 5, 88–89, 91, 94–97
Microsoft, 100, 108, 195, 202–211, 214, 220–230,383, 385–386, 387
See also Gates, Bill
Miller, Richard, 130–131
Miller, Wiz, 15–16
Miner, Bob, 186, 187
minicomputers, 4–7, 66–70, 70–72, 79–80, 213, 376
Mita, Katsushige, 292, 298–300
Mitchell, Duke, 287–288
MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), 295, 302–303, 329
Miura, Takeo, 301, 327–328
Modcomp (Modular Computer Systems), 66, 83, 343
Mommony, George, 69
monopolies, 49, 135, 136, 150
Monroe, 89
Montgomery, Gerald, 152
Moore, Gordon, 88, 379
Morell, Mike, 40, 41
Morton, Dean, 354, 356–357
Motorola, 56, 57, 86, 93, 94, 97, 100
multiple virtual storage (MVS), 56, 330
Musser, Bob, 284
Myhrvold, Nathan, 209
The Mythical Man-Month (Brooks), 187
Ntop
Nakayama, Norihiko, 64
NARUC (National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners), 136, 149
Naruto, Michio, 295–297, 300, 328–329
National Advanced Systems (NAS), 290, 292–293
National Semiconductor, 31, 93, 94–95, 292
NCR (National Cash Register Company), 3, 4, 13, 14, 27, 28, 58, 157–158, 165, 170, 390
Netscape, 209–211, 371
NeXT, 7, 202
Nippon Electric, 13
Nixdorf, 52
Nook, 386
Noorda, Ray, 207–208
Novell, 129, 195, 202–203, 205, 207–208
Noyce, Robert, 88, 94, 95–96, 379
Otop
Odaira, Namihai, 292
O'Kelley, Harold, 105–107
Oki Electric Industry, 302
Olivetti, 160, 161, 163
Olsen, Ken, 9, 22, 23, 155–156, 375, 377, 379, 380
Olsen, Stan, 231, 240, 244
Olson, James, 155, 161, 164
Opel, John, 43, 50, 293, 306, 308
Open Software Foundation, 164, 175–177
Oracle, 7, 8, 10, 108, 168, 185–187, 188–193, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 387, 390–391, 393, 401
See also Ellison, Larry
Osborne, Adam, 101, 102–103
Osborne Computer, 102–103
Osterhoff, Jim, 257–258
Otellini, Paul, 372
Owens, Haydn, 147
Ozzie, Ray, 208
Ptop
Packard, Dave, 9, 120, 341–343, 344, 347, 349, 359, 360–362, 371
Palmer, Bob, 270–272
Palmisano, Sam, 322, 393–394, 397–399, 400
Patterson, John H., 4, 13, 157
PBXs (private branch exchanges), 105, 118–120, 138, 140, 149, 159, 166
Perfect Enough (Anders), 362, 370
Perkins, Tom, 181
Perot, Ross, 316
personal computers, 72, 92, 97–108, 201>
Pesatori, Enrico, 272
Pfeiffer, Eckhard, 211–212, 223, 272–273, 314
Phyphers, Dean, 38
Platt, Lew, 354, 355, 360–362, 363–372
Plattner, Hasso, 191–192
Poore, Vic, 104, 106–107, 375
Potter, 30
Prime Computer, 66, 266, 286
Programmed Data Processor (PDP), 4–5
Puckett, Bernard, 329–330
punch cards, 1, 2, 12, 18–20
PWC Consulting, 393, 399
Qtop
Quatro Pro, 207
Rtop
Raikes, Jeff, 386
Rand, James, Jr., 1, 4
RCA (Radio Corporation of America), 3, 4, 27, 28
R&D organizations, 383–384
Redfield, Peter, 40–41, 48
Reilly, Jack, 43, 47, 73–74, 79, 215, 228, 281–282
Reiswig, Lee, 225, 226
Remington Rand, 1, 2, 3, 14, 17
Research Board, vii, ix–x, 4, 65, 73, 193, 387-388
Rich, Frank, 335
Richmond, Herb, 276
Rifkin, Glenn, 155, 236, 238, 251, 253, 270
Rizzo, Paul, 308
Roach, John, 99
Roche, Jim, x
Roebuck, Joe, 183
Roelandts, Wim, 365, 366, 368
Rogers, C.B. "Jack," 51, 284–285
Rogers, F.G., 29
Rogers, William, 26–27
Rollwagon, John, 65
Rometty, Ginni, 393–394, 399
Romnes, H. I., 145
Rosen, Ben, 223
Stop
Sacher, John, x
Salesforce.com, 382, 392
Samper, J. Phillip, 183
Sanders, Thomas, 134
SAP, 8, 108, 191–192, 382, 390, 401
Saviers, Grant, 260, 262
Scanlon, Jack, 159–161
Schmidt, Eric, 208
Schumpeter, Joseph, xi
Schwartz, Steve, 339
Schwarz, Jonathon, 184
Scott, Michael, 198
Sculley, John, 195, 202, 264, 317
Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC), 167, 173
Seligman, Ann, x
Seligman, Naomi, vii, viii–ix, 3, 4, 5, 102, 170, 185, 189, 249, 281, 328–329
semiconductors, 93
Sequent, 174
seven dwarfs, 3, 27, 28
Shields, Jack, 240, 246–247, 257, 262, 278–280, 283, 286
Shirley, Jon, 99–100, 204
Silicon Graphics, 354, 359, 370
Simonds, Nick, 172
Simson, Charlie von, x
Sitkin, Irv, 284
Smart, John, 164–165
Smith, Jack, 231, 239, 240, 246–248, 257–258, 262, 268
Smithers, Brinkley, 14
Smithers, Christopher, 14
software, 107–108, 185, 186, 191
See also individual manufacturers
Software as a Service (SaaS) model, 382, 392
Solaris, 165, 175–176, 183–184
Soul of the New Machine (Kidder), 100
Southern Railroad, 70
Specialized Common Carrier Decision, 136–138
Sperry-Rand Corporation, 3, 27, 28
Sporck, Charles, 93, 94–95, 292, 293, 299
Sprint, 136, 138
Stark, Al, 152, 164
Stone, David, 177
Stonebraker, Michael, 188
Storage Technology, 30, 49, 63
Sun Microsystems, 10, 164, 165, 167, 170–175, 178–180, 182–184, 384
Sybase, 178, 188, 190, 206
Ttop
Talcott, 30
Tandem Computer, 167–170, 173, 174–175, 177–178, 180–182, 212
Tandy Radio Shack, 88, 97, 98–100, 374, 376
Telenova, 118, 124
Telephone: The First Hundred Years (Brooks), 134
Teradata, 28
Texas Instruments, 5, 89, 94
Thomas, Lee, 94, 96
Thompson, John, 228, 321, 322
Thorndyke, Lloyd, 31, 60
Tickner, Carolyn, 372
Tivoli, 230
Toole, Peter, 321
Treybig, Jimmy, 168–169, 175, 177–178, 180–182
Trilogy, 64–65, 259
TRW Inc., 294
Tsiang, Horace, 123
Tucci, Joe, 132
Turner, Dave, 299
Turner, Kevin, 385–386
Utop
The Ultimate Entrepreneur (Rifkin and Harrar), 155, 236–238, 270
Unisys, 4, 28
Univac, 2, 3, 4, 16–17, 27, 28
Unix, 7, 10, 158, 163, 167, 170, 174–177, 377, 381
Unix System Laboratories (USL), 175
USITA (United States Independent Telephone Association), 136
Usui, Tadeo, 292
Vtop
Vail, Theodore, 134–135, 141
Van Deering, Lionel, 148
Vector Graphics, 103–104
Victor Comptometer, 89–90
Vincent, Norm, 74, 228
Vista operating system, 385–386
Wtop
Wanamaker, John, 383
Wang, An, 9, 22–23, 109–111, 115–116, 119–120, 127–129, 375, 377, 379–380
Wang, Fred, 23, 110, 113, 115–120, 125, 128–129
Wang Labs, 9, 23, 66–67, 111–112, 115–116, 117, 119, 123–132
See also Cunningham, John
Watson, Arthur (Dick), 25, 33, 34
Watson, Mitch, 334, 338
Watson, Thomas J., Jr., 2–3, 12–26, 30, 33–34, 35, 36, 130, 380
Watson, Thomas J., Sr., 1–4, 12–22
Webb, J. Sidney, 294
Welch, Jack, 316
Welsbach mantle, 376
Welsh, Denny, 322
Western Electric, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 146, 148–149, 166
Weyman, Bob, 365
Whalen, Ken, 144, 151
White, Gene, 53, 54, 55–56, 57, 59, 65, 295
Wiggens, Ben, 149
Wilcoxxen, Sam, 162
Williams, Al, 23
Wilson, Mike, 188–189, 190
Wladawsky-Berger, Irving, 322, 325–326
WordPerfect, 101, 107, 129, 202–203, 205, 207
word processing, 71–72, 74–76, 117
WorkDay, 382, 392
Wozniak, Steve, 198
Xtop
Xerox, 75, 196–198
Ytop
Yamamoto, Takuma, 291–292, 294
Yansouni, Cyril, 350, 354
Yoshikawa, Shiro, 295–296
Young, John, 9, 76, 173, 179, 269, 355, 356, 359, 360–362, 379
Yu, Albert, 367
Ztop
Zander, Ed, 180
Zempke, Joe, 331–333
Zynga, 387
